GEO-SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF THE COASTAL BELT ALONG THE PROVINCE OF SINDH, PAKISTAN

Abstract

Coastal habitats are very important for preserving biodiversity and supporting livelihoods, yet they are increasingly endangered by human activities and environmental changes. The study evaluates the relationship between environmental changes and fisheries resources through observing the spatio-temporal changes in mangrove forests along the coastal belt of Sindh. The study examines sea-level rise, hot spots for coastal pollution, and the combined effects of these factors on marine and coastal ecosystems using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing technologies. The results show a notable increase in mangrove coverage, which acts as a natural defense against cyclones and coastal erosion, in contrast to earlier predictions. Rising sea levels and extreme plastic pollution, however, continue to be risks. Numerous plastic trash sites along the Karachi coast were seen in the field, which resulted in death and a decline in fish biodiversity. This decline in fishing resources emphasizes the significance sustainable coastal management. The Sindh coast's susceptibility to the effects of climate change is further highlighted by mapping of coastal cyclones. To safeguard the region's ecological and economic health, the study also highlights the significance of mangrove conservation and focused pollution control for the long term sustainability of coastal ecosystem.